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These fish make use of spectral changes and amplitude modulation to determine factors such shape, size, distance, velocity, and conductivity. The abilities of the electric fish to communicate and identify sex, age, and hierarchy within the species are also made possible through electric fields.
Fish retinas generally have both rod cells and cone cells (for scotopic and photopic vision ), and most species have colour vision. Some fish can see ultraviolet and some are sensitive to polarised light . Among jawless fishes, the lamprey [1] has well-developed eyes, while the hagfish has only primitive eyespots. [2]
Fish physiology is the scientific study of how the component parts of fish function together in the living fish. [2] It can be contrasted with fish anatomy, which is the study of the form or morphology of fishes. In practice, fish anatomy and physiology complement each other, the former dealing with the structure of a fish, its organs or ...
Cuttlefish have large, W-shaped pupils, eight arms, and two tentacles furnished with denticulated suckers, with which they secure their prey. They generally range in size from 15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 in), with the largest species , the giant cuttlefish ( Sepia apama ), reaching 50 cm (20 in) in mantle length and over 10.5 kg (23 lb) in mass.
Mahi-mahi. The mahi-mahi ( / ˈmɑːhiːˈmɑːhiː /) [3] or common dolphinfish [2] ( Coryphaena hippurus) is a surface-dwelling ray-finned fish found in off-shore temperate, tropical, and subtropical waters worldwide. Also widely called dorado (not to be confused with Salminus brasiliensis, a freshwater fish) and dolphin, it is one of two ...
The term "fish" describes any non-tetrapod chordate, (i.e., an animal with a backbone), that has gills throughout life and has limbs, if any, in the shape of fins. [8] Unlike groupings such as birds or mammals, fish are paraphyletic, since the tetrapod clade is within the clade of lobe-finned fishes. [9] [10]
The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. It was during this time that the early chordates developed the skull and the vertebral column, leading to the first craniates and vertebrates. The first fish lineages belong to the Agnatha, or jawless fish. Early examples include Haikouichthys.
Ranging in color from dark gray to dark brown, deep-sea species have large heads that bear enormous, crescent-shaped mouths full of long, fang-like teeth angled inward for efficient prey-grabbing. Their length can vary from 2–18 cm (1–7 in), with a few types getting as large as 100 cm (39 in), [ 15 ] but this variation is largely due to ...