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A tone contour or contour tone is a tone in a tonal language which shifts from one pitch to another over the course of the syllable or word. Tone contours are especially common in East Asia, Southeast Asia, West Africa, Nilo-Saharan languages, Khoisan languages, Oto-Manguean languages and some languages of South America .
Like most other Niger–Congo languages, Sesotho is a tonal language, spoken with two basic tones, high (H) and low (L). The Sesotho grammatical tone system (unlike the lexical tone system used in Mandarin, for example) is rather complex and uses a large number of "sandhi" rules. However, the Sesotho system is by no means the most complicated ...
The tone contours of Mandarin Chinese. In the convention for Chinese, 1 is low and 5 is high. The corresponding tone letters are ˥ , ˧˥ , ˨˩˦ , ˥˩. A series of iconic tone letters based on a musical staff was devised by Yuen Ren Chao in the 1920s [ 2] by adding a reference stave to the existing convention of the International Phonetic ...
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Paperback. New York: Funk and Wagnalls, A linguistically-oriented, but easy-to-use phrasebook and grammar, with an 8,000 word Vietnamese-English, English-Vietnamese dictionary. De-scribes differences in Vietnamese dialects, outlines pronunciation and tonal system as well as basic sentence patterns.
Tone is the use of pitch in language to distinguish lexical or grammatical meaning—that is, to distinguish or to inflect words. [1] All oral languages use pitch to express emotional and other para-linguistic information and to convey emphasis, contrast and other such features in what is called intonation, but not all languages use tones to distinguish words or their inflections, analogously ...
The FLOSS Manuals ( FM) is a non-profit foundation founded in 2006 by Adam Hyde and based in the Netherlands. The foundation is focused on the creation of quality documentation about how to use free software . Its web site is a wiki (previously using the TWiki and Booki programs, now using Booktype) focused on the collaborative authoring of ...
Botts' dots ( turtles in Washington and Oregon or buttons in Texas and other southern states) are round non-reflective ceramic [ 1] raised pavement markers. In many parts of the US, Botts' dots are used, along with reflective raised pavement markers, to mark lanes on highways and arterial roads. They provide tactile and auditory feedback to ...