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A chemical reaction is a process that leads to the chemical transformation of one set of chemical substances to another. [ 1] When chemical reactions occur, the atoms are rearranged and the reaction is accompanied by an energy change as new products are generated. Classically, chemical reactions encompass changes that only involve the positions ...
In organic chemistry, a rearrangement reaction is a broad class of organic reactions where the carbon skeleton of a molecule is rearranged to give a structural isomer of the original molecule. [1] Often a substituent moves from one atom to another atom in the same molecule, hence these reactions are usually intramolecular.
Redox ( / ˈrɛdɒks / RED-oks, / ˈriːdɒks / REE-doks, reduction–oxidation [2] or oxidation–reduction [3] : 150 ) is a type of chemical reaction in which the oxidation states of the reactants change. [4] Oxidation is the loss of electrons or an increase in the oxidation state, while reduction is the gain of electrons or a decrease in the ...
Organic reactions can be categorized based on the type of functional group involved in the reaction as a reactant and the functional group that is formed as a result of this reaction. For example, in the Fries rearrangement the reactant is an ester and the reaction product an alcohol.
Photochemistry. Photochemical immersion well reactor (50 mL) with a mercury-vapor lamp. Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemical effects of light. Generally, this term is used to describe a chemical reaction caused by absorption of ultraviolet ( wavelength from 100 to 400 nm ), visible (400–750 nm), or infrared ...
In thermodynamics, an exothermic process (from Ancient Greek έξω (éxō) 'outward' and θερμικός (thermikós) 'thermal') [ 1] is a thermodynamic process or reaction that releases energy from the system to its surroundings, [ 2] usually in the form of heat, but also in a form of light (e.g. a spark, flame, or flash), electricity (e.g ...
In chemistry, a reaction mechanism is the step by step sequence of elementary reactions by which overall chemical reaction occurs. [ 1] A chemical mechanism is a theoretical conjecture that tries to describe in detail what takes place at each stage of an overall chemical reaction. The detailed steps of a reaction are not observable in most cases.
Chemical synthesis ( chemical combination) is the artificial execution of chemical reactions to obtain one or several products. [ 1] This occurs by physical and chemical manipulations usually involving one or more reactions. In modern laboratory uses, the process is reproducible and reliable. A chemical synthesis involves one or more compounds ...