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Caffeine is the world's most widely consumed psychoactive drug. [19] [20] Unlike most other psychoactive substances, caffeine remains largely unregulated and legal in nearly all parts of the world. Caffeine is also an outlier as its use is seen as socially acceptable in most cultures and even encouraged in others.
The chemical complexity of coffee is emerging, especially due to observed physiological effects which cannot be related only to the presence of caffeine. Moreover, coffee contains an exceptionally substantial amount of antioxidants such as chlorogenic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, caffeine and Maillard reaction products, such as melanoidins. [3 ...
Odorless, white needles or powder. Density. 1.23 g/cm 3, solid [ 1] Melting point. 227 to 228 °C (441 to 442 °F; 500 to 501 K) (anhydrous) 234 to 235 °C (453 to 455 °F; 507 to 508 K) (monohydrate) Boiling point. 178 °C (352 °F; 451 K) ( sublimation ) Solubility in water.
Free caffeic acid can be found in a variety of beverages, including brewed coffee at 63.1-96.0 mg per 100 ml [7] and red wine at 2 mg per 100 ml. [8] It is found at relatively high levels in herbs of the mint family, especially thyme, sage and spearmint (at about 20 mg per 100 g), and in spices, such as Ceylon cinnamon and star anise (at about 22 mg per 100 g).
Xanthine ( / ˈzænθiːn / or / ˈzænθaɪn /, from Ancient Greek ξανθός xanthós 'yellow' due to its yellowish-white appearance; archaically xanthic acid; systematic name 3,7-dihydropurine-2,6-dione) is a purine base found in most human body tissues and fluids, as well as in other organisms. [ 2]
The names "caffeine" and "3,7-dihydro-1,3,7-trimethyl-1H-purine-2,6-dione" both signify the same chemical compound. The systematic name encodes the structure and composition of the caffeine molecule in some detail, and provides an unambiguous reference to this compound, whereas the name "caffeine" simply names it. These advantages make the ...
Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound that consists of two rings ( pyrimidine and imidazole) fused together. It is water -soluble. Purine also gives its name to the wider class of molecules, purines, which include substituted purines and their tautomers.
This is a list of common chemical compounds with chemical formulae and CAS numbers, indexed by formula. This complements alternative listing at list of inorganic compounds. There is no complete list of chemical compounds since by nature the list would be infinite.