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However, generally they are considerably slower (typically by a factor 2–10) than fast, non-cryptographic random number generators. These include: Stream ciphers. Popular choices are Salsa20 or ChaCha (often with the number of rounds reduced to 8 for speed), ISAAC, HC-128 and RC4. Block ciphers in counter mode.
With finite support. The Bernoulli distribution, which takes value 1 with probability p and value 0 with probability q = 1 − p. The Rademacher distribution, which takes value 1 with probability 1/2 and value −1 with probability 1/2. The binomial distribution, which describes the number of successes in a series of independent Yes/No ...
Random number table. Random number tables have been used in statistics for tasks such as selected random samples. This was much more effective than manually selecting the random samples (with dice, cards, etc.). Nowadays, tables of random numbers have been replaced by computational random number generators . If carefully prepared, the filtering ...
The most popular given names by state in the United States vary. This is a list of the top 10 names in each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia for the years 1998 through 2023. This information is taken from the "Popular Baby Names" database maintained by the United States Social Security Administration.
List of colors: A–F. Colors are an important part of visual arts, fashion, interior design, and many other fields and disciplines. The following is a list of colors. A number of the color swatches below are taken from domain-specific naming schemes such as X11 or HTML4. RGB values are given for each swatch because such standards are defined ...
The most popular given names vary nationally, regionally, and culturally. Lists of widely used given names can consist of those most often bestowed upon infants born within the last year, thus reflecting the current naming trends , or else be composed of the personal names occurring most often within the total population .
Random number generation is a process by which, often by means of a random number generator ( RNG ), a sequence of numbers or symbols that cannot be reasonably predicted better than by random chance is generated. This means that the particular outcome sequence will contain some patterns detectable in hindsight but impossible to foresee.
A list of articles about numbers (not about numerals). Topics include powers of ten, notable integers, prime and cardinal numbers, and the myriad system.