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  2. Crosses in heraldry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosses_in_heraldry

    This tradition is partly in the use of the Christian cross an emblem from the 11th century, and increasingly during the age of the Crusades. Many cross variants were developed in the classical tradition of heraldry during the late medieval and early modern periods. Heraldic crosses are inherited in modern iconographic traditions and are used in ...

  3. Transatlantic crossing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transatlantic_crossing

    Transatlantic crossing. Transatlantic crossings are passages of passengers and cargo across the Atlantic Ocean between Europe or Africa and the Americas. The majority of passenger traffic is across the North Atlantic between Western Europe and North America. Centuries after the dwindling of sporadic Viking trade with Markland, a regular and ...

  4. List of crossings of the Atlantic Ocean - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_crossings_of_the...

    Ra II, a ship built from papyrus, was successfully sailed across the Atlantic by Thor Heyerdahl proving that it was possible to cross the Atlantic from Africa using such boats in early epochs of history. This is a list of notable crossings or attempted crossings of the Atlantic Ocean. For the purposes of this list, a transatlantic voyage goes ...

  5. History of heraldry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_heraldry

    Heraldry is the system of visual identification of rank and pedigree which developed in the European High Middle Ages, [ 2] closely associated with the courtly culture of chivalry, Latin Christianity, the Crusades, feudal aristocracy, and monarchy of the time. Heraldic tradition fully developed in the 13th century, and it flourished and ...

  6. Cross of Saint James - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross_of_Saint_James

    In heraldry, the cross is also called the Santiago cross or the cruz espada (English: sword cross). [1] It is a charge, or symbol, in the form of a cross.The design combines a cross fitchy or fitchée, one whose lower limb comes to a point, with either a cross fleury, [2] the arms of which end in fleurs-de-lis, or a cross moline where the ends of the arms are forked and rounded.

  7. Saltire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltire

    The saltire is important both in heraldry, being found in many coats of arms, and in vexillology, being found as the dominant feature of multiple flags.. Coat of arms of the counts of Ötingen (Oettingen): Azure a bordure vair ancien gules and or, a saltire argent over all (attested from as early as 1180, [3] here in the depiction in the Zürich armorial, c. 1340).

  8. Saint George's Cross - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_George's_Cross

    The Cross of Saint George as a square flag. In heraldry, Saint George's Cross (or the Cross of Saint George) is a red cross on a white background, which from the Late Middle Ages became associated with Saint George, the military saint, often depicted as a crusader . Associated with the crusades, the red-on-white cross has its origins in the ...

  9. Galleon - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galleon

    A Spanish galleon (left) firing its cannons at a Dutch warship (right). Cornelis Verbeeck, c. 1618–1620 A Spanish galleon Carracks, galleon (center/right), square rigged caravel (below), galley and fusta (galliot) depicted by D. João de Castro on the "Suez Expedition" (part of the Portuguese Armada of 72 ships sent against the Ottoman fleet anchor in Suez, Egypt, in response to its entry in ...