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Whole-life cost is the total cost of ownership over the life of an asset. [1] [clarification needed] The concept is also known as life-cycle cost (LCC) or lifetime cost, [2] and is commonly referred to as "cradle to grave" or "womb to tomb" costs. Costs considered include the financial cost which is relatively simple to calculate and also the ...
Life-cycle cost analysis. Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is an economic analysis tool to determine the most cost-effective option to purchase, run, sustain or dispose of an object or process. The method is popular in helping managers determine economic sustainability by figuring out the life cycle of a product or process.
The levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) is the average cost in currency per energy unit, for example, EUR per kilowatt-hour or AUD per megawatt-hour. [5] The LCOE is an estimation of the cost of production of energy, thus it tells nothing about the price for consumers and is most meaningful from the investor’s point of view.
Life-cycle assessment. Illustration of the general phases of a life cycle assessment, as described by ISO 14040. Life cycle assessment ( LCA ), also known as life cycle analysis, is a methodology for assessing environmental impacts associated with all the stages of the life cycle of a commercial product, process, or service.
Target costing is an approach to determine a product's life-cycle cost which should be sufficient to develop specified functionality and quality, while ensuring its desired profit. It involves setting a target cost by subtracting a desired profit margin from a competitive market price. [1] A target cost is the maximum amount of cost that can be ...
Fuel costs can vary somewhat unpredictably over the life of the generating equipment, due to political and other factors. To evaluate the total cost of production of electricity, the streams of costs are converted to a net present value using the time value of money. These costs are all brought together using discounted cash flow. [22] [23]
Total cost of ownership ( TCO) is a financial estimate intended to help buyers and owners determine the direct and indirect costs of a product or service. It is a management accounting concept that can be used in full cost accounting or even ecological economics where it includes social costs . For manufacturing, as TCO is typically compared ...
Indirect Costs (2 CFR 200.56) are costs that have been incurred for common or joint purposes. Indirect costs benefit more than one cost objective and cannot be readily identified with a particular final cost objective.