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A cardiac stress test is a cardiological examination that evaluates the cardiovascular system's response to external stress within a controlled clinical setting. This stress response can be induced through physical exercise (usually a treadmill) or intravenous pharmacological stimulation of heart rate. [ 1]
Cardiac stress testing is used to determine to assess cardiac function and to disclose evidence of exertion-related cardiac hypoxia. Radionuclide testing using thallium or technetium can be used to demonstrate areas of perfusion abnormalities. With a maximal stress test the level of exercise is increased until the person's heart rate will not ...
A transthoracic echocardiogram ( TTE) is the most common type of echocardiogram, which is a still or moving image of the internal parts of the heart using ultrasound. In this case, the probe (or ultrasonic transducer) is placed on the chest or abdomen of the subject to get various views of the heart. It is used as a non-invasive assessment of ...
Purpose. evaluate cardiac function. Test of. Cardiac stress test. The Bruce protocol is a standardized diagnostic test used in the evaluation of cardiac function and physical fitness, developed by American cardiologist Robert A. Bruce. [ 1] According to the original Bruce protocol the patient walks on an uphill treadmill in a graded exercise ...
Myocardial perfusion imaging or scanning (also referred to as MPI or MPS) is a nuclear medicine procedure that illustrates the function of the heart muscle ( myocardium ). [ 1] It evaluates many heart conditions, such as coronary artery disease (CAD), [ 2] hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and heart wall motion abnormalities.
Echocardiography, also known as cardiac ultrasound, is the use of ultrasound to examine the heart. It is a type of medical imaging, using standard ultrasound or Doppler ultrasound. [ 1] The visual image formed using this technique is called an echocardiogram, a cardiac echo, or simply an echo . Echocardiography is routinely used in the ...
Technetium ( 99m Tc) sestamibi is a lipophilic cation which, when injected intravenously into a patient, distributes in the myocardium proportionally to the myocardial blood flow. Single photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT) imaging of the heart is performed using a gamma camera to detect the gamma rays emitted by the technetium-99m as ...
Single-photon emission computed tomography. Single-photon emission computed tomography ( SPECT, or less commonly, SPET) is a nuclear medicine tomographic imaging technique using gamma rays. [ 1] It is very similar to conventional nuclear medicine planar imaging using a gamma camera (that is, scintigraphy ), [ 2] but is able to provide true 3D ...