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The proton pump is the terminal stage in gastric acid secretion, being directly responsible for secreting H + ions into the gastric lumen, making it an ideal target for inhibiting acid secretion. [ citation needed ] Because the H,K-ATPase is the final step of acid secretion, an inhibitor of this enzyme is more effective than receptor ...
A proton pump is an integral membrane protein pump that builds up a proton gradient across a biological membrane. Proton pumps catalyze the following reaction: Mechanisms are based on energy-induced conformational changes of the protein structure or on the Q cycle . During evolution, proton pumps have arisen independently on multiple occasions.
Proton pump inhibitors are prodrugs and their actual inhibitory form is somewhat controversial. In acidic solution, the sulfenic acid is isolated before reaction with one or more cysteines accessible from the luminar surface of the enzyme, a tetracyclic sulfenamide. This is a planar molecule thus any enantiomer of a PPI loses stereospecifity ...
Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors may increase the risk of bone fracture, kidney disease, or a deficiency of certain nutrients such as magnesium and vitamin B12.
Pantoprazole. Pantoprazole, sold under the brand name Protonix, among others, is a proton pump inhibitor used for the treatment of stomach ulcers, short-term treatment of erosive esophagitis due to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), maintenance of healing of erosive esophagitis, and pathological hypersecretory conditions including ...
Fig. 1. Schematic representation of the mechanism for the production of gastric acid by oxyntic cells (or parietal cells in mammals). The production of hydrochloric acid by the gastric oxyntic cells is a combined function of the proton pump (gastric H+,K+-ATPase), a K+ channel and a Cl- channel. At the expense of one ATP, the proton pump pumps ...
Proton-pump inhibitors. Proton-pump inhibitors ( PPIs) are a group of drugs whose main action is a pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production. They are the most potent inhibitors of acid secretion available. The group followed and has largely superseded another group of pharmaceuticals with similar effects, but a different ...
6. OPM protein. 4hyj. Proteorhodopsin (also known as pRhodopsin) is a family of transmembrane proteins that use retinal as a chromophore for light-mediated functionality, in this case, a proton pump. pRhodopsin is found in marine planktonic bacteria, archaea and eukaryotes ( protae ), but was first discovered in bacteria. [1] [2] [3] [4]